Novel ‘dot’ system may improve cancer detection 

Scientists have developed a nanosystem using “quantum dots” that will help improve visualisation of tumour, paving the way for early treatment.
The nanosystem, which achieves a five-fold increase over existing tumour-specific optical imaging methods, generates bright tumour signals by delivering quantum dots to cancer cells without any toxic effects.
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According to a research:

• Tumour imaging is an integral part of cancer detection, treatment.
• And tracking the progress of patients after treatment.
• We were able to achieve a tumour-specific contrast index.
• Between five-and 10-fold greater than the general cut-off for optical imaging, which is 2.5.
• The new method utilises quantum dots tiny particles that emit intense fluorescent signals when exposed to light.
• And an “etchant” that eliminates background signals.
• The quantum dots are delivered intravenously and some of them leave the bloodstream and cross membranes, entering cancer cells.
• Fluorescent signals emitted from excess quantum dots that remain in the bloodstream are then made invisible by injecting the etchant.
• The etchant and the quantum dots undergo a “cation exchange”.
• In addition,that occurs when zinc in these are swapped for silver in the etchant.
• The silver-containing quantum dots lose their fluorescent capabilities.
• And because the etchant cannot cross membranes to reach tumour cells,
• Furthermore,the quantum dots that have reached the tumour remain fluorescent.
• Thus, the entire process eliminates background fluorescence while preserving tumour-specific signals.
• Researchers developed the novel method using mice harbouring human breast, prostate and gastric tumours.

  Quantum dots were actively delivered to tumours using iRGD, a tumour penetrating peptide that activates a transport pathway that drives the peptide along with bystander molecules in this case fluorescent quantum dots into cancer cells.